Author Guide ·

Books Written by Franz Kafka

Kafka wrote quiet, bureaucratic nightmares — ordinary men crushed by systems (legal, familial, metaphysical) that never explain themselves and can never be appealed to directly. He published almost nothing during his lifetime and asked his friend Max Brod to burn his unpublished manuscripts after his death; Brod ignored him, and what survived became some of the most influential fiction of the 20th century.

By Lisanne Swart · 5 books · Existentialist Fiction · Updated August 2026




01

Novella · Existentialist FictionOn my shelf

The Metamorphosis

Franz Kafka · 1915

Gregor Samsa wakes up transformed into a giant insect, and the novella follows his family’s shift from horror to shame to resentment as they gradually stop treating him as human at all. One of the most famous opening sentences in modern fiction.

The transformation itself is never explained and never questioned by the characters as impossible — Kafka’s method is to treat the surreal with total bureaucratic matter-of-factness, which is exactly what makes it unsettling.

02

Novel · Existentialist Fiction

The Trial

Franz Kafka · 1925

Josef K. is arrested one morning for a crime that is never specified, by an authority that never identifies itself, and spends the rest of the novel navigating a legal system with no discernible logic, appeal process, or endpoint. Published posthumously.

Written between 1914 and 1915 but left unfinished at Kafka’s death; the novel’s structure, arbitrary and inescapable, has become the direct reference point for the term ‘Kafkaesque.’

03

Novel · Existentialist Fiction

The Castle

Franz Kafka · 1926

A land surveyor arrives in a village governed by a remote, inaccessible castle bureaucracy and spends the unfinished novel trying and failing to make contact with the authority that supposedly summoned him. Left incomplete at Kafka’s death.

The most explicitly bureaucratic of his novels — the castle itself functions purely as an unreachable, unaccountable authority, never once directly encountered.

04

Novel · Unfinished

Amerika

Franz Kafka · 1927

Kafka’s least characteristic and most conventionally plotted novel, following a teenage German immigrant navigating a surreal, exaggerated version of America. Left unfinished and published posthumously under a title Kafka himself never used.

Notably more comic and picaresque than his other novels — useful for seeing a different register of Kafka’s imagination before it settled into the bureaucratic dread of The Trial and The Castle.

05

Short Story Collection

A Hunger Artist

Franz Kafka · 1922

A collection including the title story, about a professional faster who starves himself for public exhibition and is increasingly ignored by an audience that has lost interest, dying unmourned and unnoticed.

One of the last pieces Kafka approved for publication before his death, and often read as a direct allegory for his own relationship to an indifferent literary public.

Frequently asked questions about Franz Kafka’s books

How many books did Franz Kafka write?
Kafka published very little during his lifetime — mostly short stories and novellas including The Metamorphosis (1915). His three novels, The Trial, The Castle, and Amerika, were all left unfinished and published posthumously by his friend Max Brod, against Kafka’s own instructions to destroy them.
What is the best Kafka book to start with?
The Metamorphosis. It’s short, self-contained, and demonstrates his method — surreal events treated with total bureaucratic calm — more clearly than his longer, unfinished novels.
What does ‘Kafkaesque’ mean?
The term describes situations marked by nightmarish, illogical bureaucratic complexity, in which an individual is trapped by an inaccessible authority or system with no clear rules, explanation, or means of appeal — directly drawn from the structure of The Trial and The Castle.


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